Wind Watch: February 2023

Wind Energy’s Impact on Birds, Bats, and Insects

Impact on Birds and Bats Substantial research has been conducted that links wind turbines to avian fatalities. The majority of birds that are impacted by wind turbines are birds of prey. Wind turbines create wind vortexes that draw in birds and cause fatal collisions with the turbine blades. Birds of prey and wind developers are both drawn to the same sites—hills, ridges, and other elevated areas—where stronger currents provide more stable power for wind turbines, while also providing a greater . . .
http://dlvr.it/Sk89Vr

Long-term quantification and characterisation of wind farm noise amplitude modulation

[Abstract] The large-scale expansion of wind farms has prompted community debate regarding adverse impacts of wind farm noise (WFN). One of the most annoying and potentially sleep disturbing components of WFN is amplitude modulation (AM). Here we quantified and characterised AM over one year using acoustical and meteorological data measured at three locations near three wind farms. We found that the diurnal variation of outdoor AM prevalence was substantial, whereby the nighttime prevalence was approximately 2 to 5 times higher . . .
http://dlvr.it/Sk7dxT

Wind Energy’s Impact on Birds, Bats, and Insects

Interaction Between Resource Species and Electromagnetic Fields Associated with Electricity Production by Offshore Wind Farms

ABSTRACT. As offshore wind energy production increases, the number of subsea cables will proliferate along with associated electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions. Understanding how EMF interactions (a potential pressure) affect resource species (receptor) requires an improved knowledge base to aid management decisions. Within the framework of a potential effect on a receptor, we review key aspects of assessing EMF exposure. From the vantage point of the receptor species, we consider how their perception of EMF varies through time as a consequence . . .
http://dlvr.it/SjrSFZ

Wind energy lease #IN

Development Rent. In each year of the Development Period, an annual payment equal to the greater of: (i) $10.00 per acre of the Property; or (ii) $500.00. Operating Rent. For the first year of the Operations Period, an annual payment equal to the greater of: (i) $50.00 per acre of the Property; or (ii) $1,000.00. For each subsequent year of the Operations Period, this payment amount shall be adjusted upward for inflation in accordance with Section 5.14. Annual Turbine Host Payment. If one or . . .
http://dlvr.it/SjftYV

Memorandum of Lease #IN

[Excerpts] No Interference. The Lease requires Landlord, during the Term of the Lease, not to cause nor permit any restriction or interference with: (a) the siting, permitting, construction, installation, maintenance, operation, replacement, or removal of Wind Facilities; (b) the flow of wind, wind speed or wind direction over the Property; (c) access over the Property to Wind Facilities; or (d) any other activities of Tenant permitted under the Lease. Term. The term of the Lease shall expire five (5) years after the Effective Date, . . .
http://dlvr.it/SjdV8d