Underwater noise – Mortality, injury and behavioural effects Turbine interactions – Injury and mortality to birds and bats Electromagnetic fields Seabed disturbance – Loss of/harm to benthic habitats Disturbance of underwater cultural heritage Physical presence – Effects on hydrodynamics and sediment transport processes Physical presence – Barrier effects and displacement of marine fauna Light emissions Vessel interactions – Injury and mortality to marine fauna Invasive marine species Physical presence – Socioeconomic: interference/displacement of existing uses Physical presence – Socioeconomic: seascapes . . .
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