Abstract As offshore wind energy development increases, it is vital to rapidly assess the cumulative impacts to biodiversity, particularly for migratory species that could be impacted across multiple sites. Life-cycle assessments (LCAs) are a useful tool for assessing and comparing cumulative effects over a large scale and are frequently used for decision-making in industry. We have adapted the LCA methodology to assess collision, disturbance and barrier impacts of offshore wind energy developments in the North Sea on migrating birds from . . .
https://www.wind-watch.org/documents/life-cycle-impact-assessment-of-offshore-wind-energy-development-on-migrating-bird-diversity-in-the-north-sea/
